Sudan Founding Alliance
On March 4, 2025, the Sudan Founding Alliance (SFA), comprising 24 armed and civil society groups—including the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N)—unveiled a transitional constitution in Nairobi, Kenya. This constitution proposes a significant shift in Sudan’s governance by establishing a secular, federal state, moving away from decades of Arabic Islamic rule. The document outlines a decentralized governing system, the structures of executive authority, and the tasks of the transitional period.
The SFA’s initiative aims to form a parallel government, termed the “Government of Peace and Unity,” to administer regions under RSF control. This move comes amid a nearly two-year conflict between the RSF and the Sudanese army, which has led to massive displacements, famine, and ethnically charged killings. The RSF’s efforts to establish a parallel government are seen as a strategy to gain diplomatic legitimacy and access advanced weaponry, challenging the army-led government that holds international recognition.
The proposed constitution seeks to replace the 2019 Transitional Sovereignty Council’s constitution and aims to redefine Sudan’s political structure. It guarantees basic rights and allows for regional self-determination under certain conditions. The formation of the new government could occur in the coming weeks, though details about its composition and operational base remain undisclosed.
Kenya’s role in hosting the SFA and facilitating the signing of the transitional constitution has drawn criticism from Sudan’s army-aligned government, leading to the recall of its ambassador in protest. The international community continues to monitor the situation closely, given the potential implications for Sudan’s sovereignty and regional stability.
